Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that occurs when the body’s immune system overreacts to a foreign substance (an allergen) that it perceives as a threat. Common allergens that can trigger anaphylaxis include certain foods (such as peanuts, tree nuts, shellfish, and dairy), medications (such as antibiotics or aspirin), insect stings or bites, and latex.

The symptoms of anaphylaxis can include difficulty breathing, swelling of the throat and tongue, hives or rash, nausea or vomiting, rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, dizziness, and loss of consciousness. If not treated quickly, anaphylaxis can be fatal.

The treatment for anaphylaxis typically involves injecting epinephrine (adrenaline) to counteract the allergic reaction, followed by additional medications and supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications. It is important for people who have a history of anaphylaxis or severe allergies to carry an epinephrine auto-injector with them at all times, and to seek medical attention immediately if they experience any signs of anaphylaxis.